In his most recent Scientific American column, Jesse Bering writes about psychology research experiments from the 70s that could have been harmful to the researchers because they made unwitting subjects uncomfortable.
[O]ne very brave investigator set up shop in the toilet stall of a busy university restroom with a stopwatch and a periscope and used the latter to observe men at the urinals. "This provided a view," the authors explained in the 1976 paper, "of the user's lower torso and made possible direct visual sightings of the stream of urine."
If you processed that last sentence, you're probably asking yourself why anyone would want such a good view of a stranger's micturating penis. In fact, the researchers were trying to gain a better understanding of paruresis, otherwise known as "shy bladder syndrome" (or "pee-shy," "bashful bladder" and a variety of other monikers). In extreme cases, someone with a shy bladder cannot urinate in public facilities such as airports, restaurants, or their place of employment.
The idea behind this study was that invasion of personal space underlies paruresis—the closer another person is in proximity, the more trouble the pee-shy individual will have urinating. The restroom was therefore rigged so that, in addition to the observer in the toilet stall, another research assistant (called a "confederate" in social psychological parlance) stationed himself either at the urinal next to the unwitting participant or used the urinal farthest away from the participant.
Brave, Stupid and Curious: Dangerous Psychology Experiments from the Past (Via Mind Hacks)
